Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPA) [Michigan] Full Details
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Full Details
- Title:
- Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPA) [Michigan]
- Description:
- Wellhead protection areas represent the land surface area that contributes ground water to wells serving public water supply systems throughout Michigan. The areas define a landscape in which management strategies are employed to protect public water supply wells from ground water contamination.This dataset is just community WHPAs, defined as Type I water supplies. It does not include WHPAs for Type II water supplies (noncommunity transient or non-transient supplies).Wellhead Protection Areas in the dataset are categorized as traditional, provisional, and low vulnerability. The categories are used to describe how the wellhead protection area was identified.A traditional wellhead protection area is established by a hydrogeologic study. A hydrogeologic study includes an initial compiling of readily available information, the completion of fieldwork to obtain a better understanding of the hydrogeologic system, and groundwater modeling to identify the WHPA. Available information is normally sufficient to develop a rudimentary conceptualization of the hydrogeologic system and identify areas requiring additional acquisition of information and data. Fieldwork is completed to fill voids in the available information, confirm or modify the rudimentary conceptualization, and provide the information base necessary for groundwater flow modeling to delineate the WHPA. The available information and information collected through fieldwork is used to develop a final conceptualization of the hydrogeologic system. The final hydrogeologic conceptualization is incorporated into a groundwater flow model that is used to identify the WHPA.There are three widely accepted approaches for delineation of a WHPA. The three approaches reflect an increase in the amount of fieldwork, an increase in the level of complexity of the groundwater flow model, or both. The approaches will be referred to as follows: 1. Confirmation of Existing Information, 2. Direct Determination of Groundwater Flow Direction and Hydraulic Gradient, 3. Extensive Hydrogeologic Investigations. A common denominator to the three approaches is the use of "reverse particle tracking" to identify the WHPA. Particle tracking may be described as "tracing the movement of an imaginary groundwater particle on the groundwater potentiometric surface." Thus, particle tracking identifies the path which groundwater takes in moving from areas of high energy to areas of low energy. In WHPA delineations it is more practical to perform the tracing of groundwater movement in reverse, or reverse particle tracking. Reverse particle tracking traces the movement of groundwater from areas of low energy to areas of high energy (i.e., from the pumping well back to the area of recharge). Reverse particle tracking eliminates the "trial-and-error" associated with forward particle tracking by eliminating areas of the potentiometric surface from which groundwater would not migrate to the well. With any of these three delineation approaches, there must be an appropriate aquifer test conducted for the water supply well. If there is not a test which meets the requirements of Aquifer Test Requirements for Public Water Supply Wells, an appropriate aquifer test will need to be performed.A provisional wellhead protection area is an area which has been approved by the department in accordance with the State of Michigan wellhead protection program as the wellhead protection area based on computer manipulation of existing state of Michigan databases.A low vulnerability wellhead protection area is one that is defined by having low tritium concentrations indicating the source water pre-dates nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s.The traditional WHPAs and any updates are typically submitted by consultants who work for community water supplies. The WHPAs and updates are added to the system through GIS georeferencing and digitization as they are submitted and approved by the Department. The provisional wellhead delineations were completed by EGLE staff using MGMT groundwater modeling software program. The provisional WHPAs were created prior to 2013. Field Name Description AREA Area of the WHPA in square miles WSSN Water Supply Serial Number SYSTEMWater Supply System Name TYPE Provisional or Traditional WHPA APPROVAL_DATE Date WHPA approved by EGLE
- Creator:
- Michigan Dept. of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy
- Provider:
- State of Michigan Open Data Portal
- Resource Class:
- Datasets and Web services
- Resource Type:
- Vector data
- Temporal Coverage:
- Continually updated resource
- Date Issued:
- 2022-07-07
- Place:
- Rights:
- This application or dataset, along with any maps, data, content and other information contained within it and all output from the application (together the “Information”), is provided as a public service, and there are no restrictions on the use, reproduction, or distribution of the Information. It is your responsibility to use the Information for a legally permissible purpose. This Information is provided “AS IS” and on an “AS AVAILABLE” basis. The State of Michigan (“State”) makes no warranties, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, reliability, timeliness, or completeness of this Information. THE STATE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS INFORMATION, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS. THE STATE WILL NOT BE LIABLE, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE, FOR ANY CLAIM FOR CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS AND LOST BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, RELATED TO THE ACCESS OR USE OF THIS INFORMATION. IN NO EVENT WILL THE STATE BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNTS THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE ACCESS OR USE OF THIS INFORMATION, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, OR BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE. By accessing or using this Information, you agree that you will not make any claims against the State or any of its departments, divisions, officers, or employees related to your use of the Information. These terms are governed by and interpreted under the laws of the State of Michigan without regard to conflict of laws provisions. Nothing in these terms is meant to impact or replace any existing rights or licenses, such as copyright, trademark, or patent protections, in materials or content that may be located on the site or portal containing the Information.
- Access Rights:
- Public
- Format:
- Shapefile
- Language:
- English
- Date Added:
- 2023-03-08