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Temperature Severity Indicators, 1913 - 2013

Identification Information
Citation
Publication Date
20230731
Title
Temperature Severity Indicators, 1913 - 2013
Geospatial Data Presentation Form
vector digital data
Collection Title
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Maps and GIS Data
Publication Information
Publication Place
Publisher
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Abstract
The Temperature Severity Indicator data identifies areas subject to extreme heat and cold events in the contiguous United States in an effort to inform temperature-related housing and planning research. The indicators, conveyed as a grid of 1-degree latitude by 1-degree longitude cells, are created from observational data (Berkeley Earth Lab gridded daily maximum and minimum temperature ) and consider the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat and extreme cold weather events that occurred in the US between 1913 and 2012.DEFINING EXTREME TEMPERATURE EVENTS For the purposes of this data, a daytime extreme heat event is defined as daily maximum temperature (tmax) that meets or exceeds the 90th percentile daily tmax for June, July, and August (JJA) during the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. A lower bound is set to 90 degrees Fahrenheit (F) to define the minimum temperature qualifying as a daytime heat event. Likewise, a night time extreme heat event is defined as daily minimum temperature (tmin) that meets or exceeds the 90th percentile daily tmin for JJA during the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive nights. A lower bound is set to 75 F to define the minimum temperature qualifying as a night time heat event. A daytime extreme cold event is defined as daily maximum temperature (tmax) that is at least 10 F less than the median daily climatological January tmax over the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. An upper bound is set at 32 F to define the maximum temperature qualifying as a daytime cold event, and a lower bound is set to -10 F, where any 3 or more consecutives days colder than this limit is considered a cold event. A night time extreme cold event is defined as daily minimum temperature (tmin) that is at least 10 F less than the median daily climatological January tmin over the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. An upper bound is set at 32 F to define the maximum temperature qualifying as a night time cold event, and a lower bound is set to -10 F, where any 3 or more consecutives nights colder than this limit is considered a cold event.CREATING EXTREME TEMPERATURE SEVERITY INDEXES The average annual event frequency (events/yr), average event intensity compared to a seasonally representative temperature (F), and the average event duration (days) are computed using the Berkeley Earth temperature observations as well as the above definitions for extreme heat and cold events. Results of those calculations are classified according to a quartile distribution of all values relative to attribute, and each cell receives a score according to its quartile class: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. The index value represents the aggregation of quartile points awarded for each attribute of a particular cell.SUGGESTED USE OF DATA Fields ending with the suffix, “_INDX” provide spatially relevant severity indices for min/max cold snaps and heat waves. As described previously, the value for each index represents the summation of attributes scores determined by a quartile distribution of all values for each facet of analysis. Index scores for these fields range from 0 to 9 providing for a relatively smooth surface map illustrating spatial variability. In contrast, fields ending with the suffix, “_IND” are binary attributes that indicate areas where the index values for both night-time (tmin) and day-time (tmax) is amp;gt;= 5 relative to each event type. Given the boolean nature of data in these fields they are best used to quickly identify areas of extreme temperature to answer policy related questions, and not necessarily for illustration or spatial analysis.Data Dictionary: DD_Temperature Severity IndexDate of Coverage: 1913 - 2013
Purpose
The Temperature Severity Indicator data distills observational information of prolonged temperature events to inform housing and community development policy and decision making.
Bounding Box
West
-126.000000
East
-65.000000
North
52.000122
South
23.000122
Theme Keyword
Temperature Measurement
Temperature Distribution
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
lcsh
Theme Keyword
boundaries
economy
health
location
planningCadastre
society
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
ISO 19115 Topic Categories
Place Keyword
United States
Place Keyword Thesaurus
geonames
Temporal Keyword
Access Restrictions
Other Constraints
Use Restrictions
HUD and the dataset and metadata authors assume no responsibility for the use or misuse of the dataset. No warranty, expressed or implied is made with regard to the accuracy of the spatial accuracy, and no liability is assumed by the U.S. Government in general, the dataset creators or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development specifically, as to the spatial or attribute accuracy of the data.
Status
Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency
As needed
Point of Contact
Contact Organization
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Delivery Point
451 7th Street SW rm. 8126
City
Washington
State
D.C.
Postal Code
20410-0001
Country
US
Contact Telephone
202-402-4153
Contact Electronic Mail Address
GIShelpdesk@hud.gov
Credit
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Native Data Set Environment
Esri ArcGIS 12.9.3.32739
Collection
Title
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Maps and GIS Data
Spatial Data Organization Information
Direct Spatial Reference Method
Vector
Point and Vector Object Information
SDTS Terms Description
SDTS Point and Vector Object Type
GT-polygon composed of chains
Point and Vector Object Count
1769
Entity and Attribute Information
Entity Type
Entity Type Label
Temperature Severity Indicators
Entity Type Definition
The Temperature Severity Indicator data distills observational information of prolonged temperature events to inform housing and community development policy and decision making.
Entity Type Definition Source
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Attributes
OBJECTID
Internal feature number. (Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.)
Definition Source
Esri
Shape
Feature geometry. (Coordinates defining the features.)
Definition Source
Esri
csTmin_FREQ
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average number of night time cold snaps per year, where a cold snap is at least 3 consecutive nights of extremely cold weather. The threshold for extremely cold weather is computed as 10 degrees F less than the median climatological January daily minimum temperature using the reference period 1961-1990, with upper and lower threshold bounds of 32 and -10 degrees F. The upper threshold bound means that at any cell if 10 degrees less than the climatological January daily minimum temperature is warmer than 32 degrees, the threshold is adjusted to 32 degrees. Similarly, the lower threshold bound means that at any cell if 10 degrees less than the climatological January daily minimum temperature is colder than -10 degrees, the threshold for a cold snap is adjusted to -10 degrees. The cold snap threshold is location relative, as it is computed at each grid cell.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmin_INTN
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average night time cold snap intensity minus a winter seasonal representative night time minimum temperature (°F). The seasonal representative temperature is location relative (computed at each cell) and is the 50th percentile value of daily Dec-Jan-Feb minimum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmin_DURA
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average night time cold snap duration in days.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmin_INDX
A spatially relative severity index for night time cold snaps based on quartiles of FREQ, INTN, and DURA. For example, all grid cell values of FREQ are used to find the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile values. Then, each grid cell is assigned a number of points based on the quartiles: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. This process is completed once for FREQ, once for INTN, and once for DURA. The Index is created by summing all points for each cell and has a possible range of 0 to 9.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmax_FREQ
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average number of daytime cold snaps per year, where a cold snap is at least 3 consecutive days of extremely cold weather. The threshold for extremely cold weather is computed as 10 degrees F less than the median climatological January daily maximum temperature using the reference period 1961-1990, with upper and lower threshold bounds of 32 and -10 degrees F. The upper threshold bound means that at any cell if 10 degrees less than the climatological January daily maximum temperature is warmer than 32 degrees, the threshold is adjusted to 32 degrees. Similarly, the lower threshold bound means that at any cell if 10 degrees less than the climatological January daily maximum temperature is colder than -10 degrees, the threshold for a cold snap is adjusted to -10 degrees. The cold snap threshold is location relative, as it is computed at each grid cell.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmax_INTN
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average daytime cold snap intensity minus a winter seasonal representative daytime maximum temperature (°F). The seasonal representative temperature is location relative (computed at each cell) and is the 50th percentile value of daily Dec-Jan-Feb maximum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmax_DURA
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average daytime cold snap duration in days.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
csTmax_INDX
A spatially relative severity index for daytime cold snaps based on quartiles of FREQ, INTN, and DURA. For example, all grid cell values of FREQ are used to find the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile values. Then, each grid cell is assigned a number of points based on the quartiles: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. This process is completed once for FREQ, once for INTN, and once for DURA. The Index is created by summing all points for each cell and has a possible range of 0 to 9.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmin_FREQ
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average number of night time heat waves per year, where heat waves are at least 3 consecutive nights of heat greater than the 90th percentile June-July-August daily minimum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990, with a threshold requirement of at least 75 degrees F. The heat wave threshold is location relative, as it is computed at each grid cell.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmin_INTN
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average night time heat wave intensity minus a summer seasonal representative night time minimum temperature (°F). The seasonal representative temperature is location relative (computed at each cell) and is the 50th percentile value of daily June-July-August minimum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmin_DURA
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average night time heat wave duration in days.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmin_INDX
A spatially relative severity index for night time heat waves based on quartiles of FREQ, INTN, and DURA. For example, all grid cell values of FREQ are used to find the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile values. Then, each grid cell is assigned a number of points based on the quartiles: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. This process is completed once for FREQ, once for INTN, and once for DURA. The Index is created by summing all points for each cell and has a possible range of 0 to 9.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmax_FREQ
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average number of daytime heat waves per year, where heat waves are at least 3 consecutive days of heat greater than the 90th percentile June-July-August daily maximum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990, with a threshold requirement of at least 90 degrees F. The heat wave threshold is location relative, as it is computed at each grid cell.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmax_INTN
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average daytime heat wave intensity minus a summer seasonal representative daytime maximum temperature (°F). The seasonal representative temperature is location relative (computed at each cell) and is the 50th percentile value of daily June-July-August maximum temperature over the reference period 1961-1990.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmax_DURA
The 100 yr (1913-2012) average daytime heat wave duration in days.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
hwTmax_INDX
A spatially relative severity index for daytime heat waves based on quartiles of FREQ, INTN, and DURA. For example, all grid cell values of FREQ are used to find the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile values. Then, each grid cell is assigned a number of points based on the quartiles: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. This process is completed once for FREQ, once for INTN, and once for DURA. The Index is created by summing all points for each cell and has a possible range of 0 to 9.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
tsiH_IND
Binary value indicating an area where the INDX = 5 for both night time (tmin) and daytime (tmax) heat waves.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
tsiC_IND
Binary value indicating an area where the INDX = 5 for both night time (tmin) and daytime (tmax) cold snaps.
Definition Source
HUD Authors
Shape_Length
Length of feature in internal units. (Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.)
Definition Source
Esri
Shape_Area
Area of feature in internal units squared. (Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.)
Definition Source
Esri
Distribution Information
Distributor
Stanford Geospatial Center
Metadata Reference Information
Metadata Date
20230808
Metadata Contact
Contact Information
Contact Organization Primary
Contact Organization
Stanford Geospatial Center
Contact Address
Address
Mitchell Bldg. 2nd floor
Address
397 Panama Mall
City
Stanford
State or Province
California
Postal Code
94305
Country
US
Contact Voice Telephone
650-723-2746
Contact Electronic Mail Address
brannerlibrary@stanford.edu
Metadata Standard Name
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard Version
FGDC-STD-001-1998

Temperature Severity Indicators, 1913 - 2013

Identification Information

Citation
Title
Temperature Severity Indicators, 1913 - 2013
Publisher
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Publication Date
2023-07-31
Identifier
https://purl.stanford.edu/jx718nd2227
Geospatial Data Presentation Form
mapDigital
Collection Title
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Maps and GIS Data
Abstract
The Temperature Severity Indicator data identifies areas subject to extreme heat and cold events in the contiguous United States in an effort to inform temperature-related housing and planning research. The indicators, conveyed as a grid of 1-degree latitude by 1-degree longitude cells, are created from observational data (Berkeley Earth Lab gridded daily maximum and minimum temperature ) and consider the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat and extreme cold weather events that occurred in the US between 1913 and 2012.DEFINING EXTREME TEMPERATURE EVENTS For the purposes of this data, a daytime extreme heat event is defined as daily maximum temperature (tmax) that meets or exceeds the 90th percentile daily tmax for June, July, and August (JJA) during the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. A lower bound is set to 90 degrees Fahrenheit (F) to define the minimum temperature qualifying as a daytime heat event. Likewise, a night time extreme heat event is defined as daily minimum temperature (tmin) that meets or exceeds the 90th percentile daily tmin for JJA during the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive nights. A lower bound is set to 75 F to define the minimum temperature qualifying as a night time heat event. A daytime extreme cold event is defined as daily maximum temperature (tmax) that is at least 10 F less than the median daily climatological January tmax over the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. An upper bound is set at 32 F to define the maximum temperature qualifying as a daytime cold event, and a lower bound is set to -10 F, where any 3 or more consecutives days colder than this limit is considered a cold event. A night time extreme cold event is defined as daily minimum temperature (tmin) that is at least 10 F less than the median daily climatological January tmin over the reference period 1961-1990 and lasting for at least 3 consecutive days. An upper bound is set at 32 F to define the maximum temperature qualifying as a night time cold event, and a lower bound is set to -10 F, where any 3 or more consecutives nights colder than this limit is considered a cold event.CREATING EXTREME TEMPERATURE SEVERITY INDEXES The average annual event frequency (events/yr), average event intensity compared to a seasonally representative temperature (F), and the average event duration (days) are computed using the Berkeley Earth temperature observations as well as the above definitions for extreme heat and cold events. Results of those calculations are classified according to a quartile distribution of all values relative to attribute, and each cell receives a score according to its quartile class: 0 points for a cell value less than the 25th percentile, 1 point if between the 25th and 50th percentile, 2 points if between the 50th and 75th percentile, 3 points if greater than the 75th percentile. The index value represents the aggregation of quartile points awarded for each attribute of a particular cell.SUGGESTED USE OF DATA Fields ending with the suffix, “_INDX” provide spatially relevant severity indices for min/max cold snaps and heat waves. As described previously, the value for each index represents the summation of attributes scores determined by a quartile distribution of all values for each facet of analysis. Index scores for these fields range from 0 to 9 providing for a relatively smooth surface map illustrating spatial variability. In contrast, fields ending with the suffix, “_IND” are binary attributes that indicate areas where the index values for both night-time (tmin) and day-time (tmax) is amp;gt;= 5 relative to each event type. Given the boolean nature of data in these fields they are best used to quickly identify areas of extreme temperature to answer policy related questions, and not necessarily for illustration or spatial analysis.Data Dictionary: DD_Temperature Severity IndexDate of Coverage: 1913 - 2013
Purpose
The Temperature Severity Indicator data distills observational information of prolonged temperature events to inform housing and community development policy and decision making.
Bounding Box
West
-179.147339
East
179.778467
North
71.390482
South
-14.548699
Bounding Box
West
-126
East
-65
North
52.000122
South
23.000122
ISO Topic Category
boundaries
economy
health
location
planningCadastre
society
Place Keyword
United States
Place Keyword Thesaurus
geonames
Theme Keyword
Temperature Measurement
Temperature Distribution
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
lcsh
Resource Constraints
Use Limitation
HUD and the dataset and metadata authors assume no responsibility for the use or misuse of the dataset. No warranty, expressed or implied is made with regard to the accuracy of the spatial accuracy, and no liability is assumed by the U.S. Government in general, the dataset creators or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development specifically, as to the spatial or attribute accuracy of the data.
Legal Constraints
Access Restrictions
otherRestrictions
Other Restrictions
Other Constraints
Legal Constraints
Use Restrictions
otherRestrictions
Other Restrictions
This work is in the Public Domain, meaning that it is not subject to copyright.
Security Constraints
Status
completed
Maintenance and Update Frequency
asNeeded
Collection
Collection Title
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Maps and GIS Data
URL
https://purl.stanford.edu/jx718nd2227
Language
eng
Credit
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Point of Contact
Contact
HUD eGIS Team
Delivery Point
451 7th Street SW rm. 8126
City
Washington
Administrative Area
D.C.
Postal Code
20410-0001
Country
US
Email
GIShelpdesk@hud.gov
Phone
202-402-4153

Spatial Reference Information

Reference System Identifier
Code
4326
Code Space
EPSG
Version
6.2(3.0.1)

Distribution Information

Format Name
Shapefile
Distributor
Stanford Geospatial Center
Online Access
Protocol
Name

Content Information

Feature Catalog Description
Compliance Code
false
Language
eng
Included With Dataset
true
Feature Catalog Citation
Title
Entity and Attribute Information
Feature Catalog Identifier
96458e71-383a-445f-b8d2-5957b17a9827UUID

Spatial Representation Information

Vector
Topology Level
geometryOnly
Vector Object Type
composite
Vector Object Count
1769

Metadata Reference Information

Hierarchy Level
dataset
Metadata File Identifier
https://purl.stanford.edu/jx718nd2227
Parent Identifier
https://purl.stanford.edu/wc590wy7544.mods
Dataset URI
https://purl.stanford.edu/jx718nd2227
Metadata Date Stamp
2023-08-08
Metadata Standard Name
ISO 19139 Geographic Information - Metadata - Implementation Specification
Metadata Standard Version
2007
Character Set
utf8
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