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Average Annual Precipitation, New York State, 1961-1990
- Identification Information
- Data Quality Information
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Spatial Reference Information
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Distribution Information
- Metadata Reference Information
- Identification Information
- Citation
- Originator
- Chris Daly, Spatial Climate Analysis Service
- Originator
- George Taylor, the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University
- Publication Date
- 200009
- Title
- Average Annual Precipitation, New York State, 1961-1990
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form
- vector digital data
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Corvallis, OR, USA
- Publisher
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University; USDA - NRCS National Water and Climate Center, Portland, Oregon; USDA - NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- Online Linkage
- https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/catalog/cugir-007318
- Abstract
- This data set shows polygons of average annual precipitation in New York State, for the climatological period 1961-1990. Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) derived raster data is the underlying data set from which the polygons and vectors were created. PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data and a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic parameters.
- Purpose
- These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale data. No responsibility is assumed by the Spatial Climate Analysis Service, the USDA - NRCS National Water and Climate Center, the USDA - NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center, or the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data.
- Supplemental Information
- There are many methods of interpolating precipitation from monitoring stations to grid points. Some provide estimates of acceptable accuracy in flat terrain, but few have been able to adequately explain the extreme, complex variations in precipitation that occur in mountainous regions. Significant progress in this area has been achieved through the development of PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data and a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of monthly and annual precipitation (as well as other climatic parameters). PRISM is well suited to regions with mountainous terrain, because it incorporates a conceptual framework that addresses the spatial scale and pattern of precipitation in such regions. Detailed descriptions of the PRISM raster data can be found on the Oregon State University PRISM web page at http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism. Additional information is available through the Natural Resources Conservation Service web pages at the National Water and Climate Center at http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/climate/prism/prism.html or through the National Cartography and Geospatial Center at http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/prism/prismdata.html. Other source PRISM data sets are also available in Arc/INFO coverage and Arc/INFO ASCII GRID formats from the Spatial Climate Analysis Service. See http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/prism_products.html for more information. The source PRISM data is packaged on 3 CD-ROM's covering the Lower 48 United States and is available from NRCS for $50 per CD-ROM. The 48 States are broken into three regions: East, Central and West. Each CD contains the annual and monthly precipitation coverages, as well as the gridded data. The CD-ROM's may be ordered through http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/prism/prismdata.html.
- Temporal Extent
- Currentness Reference
- ground condition
- Time Period
- Beginning
- 1961
- End
- 1990
- Bounding Box
- West
- -79.763235
- East
- -71.870161
- North
- 45.006138
- South
- 40.506003
- Theme Keyword
- Precipitation
- Climate
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- None
- Theme Keyword
- Rain and rainfall
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- LCSH
- ISO Topic Category
- climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
- environment
- Theme Keyword
- climate
- environment
- Theme Keyword Thesaurus
- CUGIR Category
- Place Keyword
- New York (State)
- Place Keyword Thesaurus
- LCSH
- Temporal Keyword
- Access Restrictions
- None.
- Use Restrictions
- None. Acknowledgement of the PRISM model, the Spatial Climate Analysis Service at Oregon State University, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Water and Climate Center, the NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center (NCGC), and (or) the National Atlas of the United States would be appreciated in products derived from these data.
- Status
- Complete
- Maintenance and Update Frequency
- No updates are planned for the 1961-1990 climatological period. However, a similar data set will probably be produced in 2001 for the 1971-2000 climatological period.
- Point of Contact
- Contact Organization
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service
- Delivery Point
- 316 Strand Agricultural Hall, Oregon State University
- City
- Corvallis
- State
- Oregon
- Postal Code
- 97331-2202
- Contact Telephone
- 541-737-5705
- Contact Facsimile Telephone
- 541-737-5710
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- oregon@oce.orst.edu
- Native Data Set Environment
- Windows NT Version 4.0 (Build 1381) Service Pack 4; ESRI Arc/INFO 8.0.345
- Data Quality Information
- Attribute Accuracy Report
- Point estimates of precipitation from the U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals were subjected to manual quality control checks by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). PRISM precipitation estimates were reviewed by the PRISM Evaluation Group, a panel of climatologists, meteorologists, and hydrologists. The task of this group was to assess the assumptions made by the model and compare model output with the best available precipitation maps from several western States. The group found that the PRISM maps equaled or exceeded the accuracy of the best maps available.
- Logical Consistency Report
- Precipitation data were derived from two main sources, NCDC Climate Normals and NRCS Cooperative Snow Survey Data (SNOTEL). In general, NCDC stations are located at low elevations and in valley bottoms, and encompass the entire United States. SNOTEL stations are located primarily at high elevations in the western United States. Polygon and chain-node topology are present. Checks were made to ensure that no two adjacent polygons are labeled with the same precipitation value. A manual spot check was made of peaks, depressions, and islands.
- Completeness Report
- This data set includes observations and interpolated values for the 48 contiguous United States and the District of Columbia, for the climatological period 1961-1990. This data set is a compilation of the best available data from the various data sources.
- Lineage
- Source
- Originator
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
- Publication Date
- 1998
- Title
- Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Corvallis, OR, USA
- Publisher
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service
- Type of Source Media
- proprietary software
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Range of Dates/Times
- Beginning Date
- 1994
- Ending Date
- 1998
- Source Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Contribution
- PRISM was used to create gridded estimates of precipitation from point observations and digital elevation model data. For a more detailed description of the PRISM process, see http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/gen_toc.html.
- Source
- Originator
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
- Publication Date
- 1998
- Title
- Gaussian Filter
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Corvallis, OR, USA
- Publisher
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service
- Type of Source Media
- proprietary software
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Range of Dates/Times
- Beginning Date
- 1994
- Ending Date
- 1998
- Source Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Contribution
- The Gaussian filter was used to change the resolution of raster data from 4 km to 2 km. The Gaussian filter was implemented as custom software written in FORTRAN. For information about Gaussian filters see: Barnes, Stanley L., 1964; A Technique for Maximizing Details in Numerical Weather Map Analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 3, 396- 409.
- Source
- Originator
- National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
- Publication Date
- 1991
- Title
- U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals, Climatography of the United States No. 81 - Monthly Normals
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Asheville, NC, USA
- Publisher
- National Climatic Data Center
- Other Citation Details
- For more information on this source, please see http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/normals/us/normals_clim81.html.
- Type of Source Media
- online database
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Range of Dates/Times
- Beginning Date
- 19610101
- Ending Date
- 19901231
- Source Currentness Reference
- ground condition
- Source
- Originator
- Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
- Publication Date
- 1991
- Title
- Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys (SNOTEL)
- Series Information
- Series Name
- Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys
- Issue Identification
- Annual issue for Western US states
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Portland, OR, USA
- Publisher
- Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Other Citation Details
- For more information on this source, please see http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/w_data.html.
- Type of Source Media
- database, paper, and online
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Range of Dates/Times
- Beginning Date
- 19610101
- Ending Date
- 19901231
- Source Currentness Reference
- ground condition
- Source
- Originator
- Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water and Climate Center
- Publication Date
- Unpublished material
- Title
- Local precipitation monitoring networks
- Type of Source Media
- digital files
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Range of Dates/Times
- Beginning Date
- 19610101
- Ending Date
- 19901231
- Source Currentness Reference
- ground condition
- Source
- Originator
- Defense Mapping Agency
- Publication Date
- 1985
- Title
- 1:250,000-scale Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Washington, DC
- Publisher
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Online Linkage
- http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/
- Type of Source Media
- digital files
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Single Date/Time
- Calendar Date
- 1985
- Source Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Source
- Originator
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Publication Date
- 1999
- Title
- State Boundaries of the United States
- Publication Information
- Publication Place
- Reston, VA
- Publisher
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Online Linkage
- http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html
- Type of Source Media
- online
- Source Temporal Extent
- Time Period Information
- Single Date/Time
- Calendar Date
- 1999
- Source Currentness Reference
- publication date
- Spatial Data Organization Information
- Direct Spatial Reference Method
- Vector
- Point and Vector Object Information
- SDTS Terms Description
- SDTS Point and Vector Object Type
- G-polygon
- Point and Vector Object Count
- 133
- Spatial Reference Information
- Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
- Geographic
- Latitude Resolution
- 0.02083333
- Longitude Resolution
- 0.02083333
- Geographic Coordinate Units
- Decimal degrees
- Geodetic Model
- Horizontal Datum Name
- North American Datum of 1983
- Ellipsoid Name
- GRS1980
- Semi-major Axis
- 6378137.0
- Denominator of Flattening Ratio
- 298.257222
- Entity and Attribute Information
- Entity Type
- Entity Type Label
- Area of equal average annual precipitation (described by prismp020.dbf)
- Entity Type Definition
- Each polygon represents an area with a constant value for the average annual precipitation, as determined by the PRISM model.
- Entity Type Definition Source
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service PRISM Project
- Attributes
- Shape
- The representation of the entity in the data.
- Polygon
- A 2-dimensional element.
- Definition Source
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Area
- The size of the shape in coverage units. (0.00000 to 115.09402)
- Definition Source
- Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Perimeter
- The perimeter of the shape in coverage units. (0.00647 to 874.33448)
- Definition Source
- Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Prism0p020
- Internal feature number. (2 to 6244)
- Definition Source
- Natural Resources Conservation Service
- Range
- The average annual precipitation. (0.000 to 200.000 inches)
- Definition Source
- Spatial Climate Analysis Service
- Distribution Information
- Format Name
- Shapefile
- Format Name
- metadata
- Format Name
- HTML metadata
- Format Name
- KML
- Format Name
- GeoJSON
- Format Name
- OGC:WMS
- Distributor
- Albert R. Mann Library
- Online Access
- https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/cugir-007318.zip
- Online Access
- https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/fgdc.xml
- Online Access
- https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/fgdc.html
- Online Access
- https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wfs?version=1.0.0request=GetFeaturetypeName=cugir007318outputFormat=application%2Fvnd.google-earth.kml%2Bxml
- Online Access
- https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wfs?version=1.0.0request=GetFeaturetypeName=cugir007318outputFormat=application%2Fjson
- Online Access
- https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wms?version=1.1.0request=GetMaplayers=cugir007318bbox=-80.00002721999999,40.37099895,-71.63336878,45.14114205width=256height=145srs=EPSG:4326format=image/png
- Name
- Metadata Reference Information
- Metadata Date
- 20190524
- Metadata Contact
- Contact Information
- Contact Organization Primary
- Contact Organization
- Albert R. Mann Library
- Contact Address
- Address
- Albert R. Mann Library
- City
- Ithaca
- State or Province
- New York
- Postal Code
- 14853
- Country
- USA
- Contact Voice Telephone
- 607-255-5406
- Contact Electronic Mail Address
- mann-ref@cornell.edu
- Metadata Standard Name
- FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata Standard Version
- FGDC-STD-001-1998