South Atlantic Low-Urban Historic Landscapes [U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service] Full Details

Full Details

Title:

South Atlantic Low-Urban Historic Landscapes [U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]

Description:

Reason for SelectionLow-urban historic landscapes indicate significant cultural landscapes whose cultural context has been less impacted by urban development. Cultural landscapes are "properties [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man" (UNESCO 2012). Loss of natural habitat within these cultural landscapes reduces their overall historic and cultural value.Input Data South Atlantic Blueprint 2021 extent Southeast Blueprint 2023 extent 2016 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) The following National Register of Historic Places data from the National Park Service and various State Historic Preservation Officers:The National Register of Historic Places, accessed March 2021: All point layers from the NRIS_CR_Standards_Public geodatabase, including historic buildings, districts, objects, sites and structures. We use this data only in Alabama and Georgia, where no improved state-specific layer is available.Some states maintain their own, improved versions of the National Register of Historic Places, while other states rely on the nationwide version maintained by the National Park Service. In Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, and South Carolina, we obtained the following state-specific point and polygon data for places on the National Register: Virginia listed historic districts boundaries Virginia listed site points North Carolina local district boundaries North Carolina NCHPO_NR_SL_DOE_Boundaries North Carolina NCHPO points Florida national register South Carolina NRHP_Districts-Areas_Non-Restricted SC_NRHP_Structures_points Non-RestrictedThe National Register of Historic Places reflects what Americans value in their historic built environment. It is the collection of our human imprint on the landscape that records through time our changing relationship with the landscape, bridging between modern life and our history by providing, as closely as possible, experiences that evoke our empathy and understanding of previous eras.Mapping Steps Define urban areas using the following classes from the 2019 NLCD - Developed, High Intensity; Developed, Medium Intensity; Developed, Low Intensity; Developed, Open Space. Classify all urban pixels as 1 and all other pixels as 0. Calculate the percent urban in a 270 m radius circle for each pixel using the Focal Statistics tool in ArcGIS. Since the NLCD data resolution is 30 m pixels, use 270 m (9 pixels) to approximate a 250 m radius. Retain all pixels that are <50% urban within a 270 m radius. Create a historic places layer as follows: The North Carolina NCHPO points file contains points for both state-level and national-level historic places. To make these data comparable with data from other states, remove the state-specific points using information from the attribute table (remove any point that has a blank value for the YearNR field). Merge together the state-specific point layers (NC, SC, and VA) and the National Park Service-maintained National Register of Historic Places point layers (AL and GA) and buffer by 100 m. Merge all polygon data and buffered point data into one layer and convert to a 30 m raster. Use the historic places raster to remove areas that fall outside of the historic places. Reclassify the above raster into 3 classes, seen in the final indicator values below. Clip to the spatial extent of the South Atlantic Blueprint. As a final step, clip to the spatial extent of Southeast Blueprint 2023. Note: For more details on the mapping steps, code used to create this layer is available in the Southeast Blueprint 2023 Data Download under > 6_Code.Final indicator valuesIndicatorvaluesareassignedasfollows:2 = Historic place with nearby low-urban buffer1 = Historic place with nearby high-urban buffer0 = Not in the National Register of Historic PlacesKnown IssuesThere are spatial mapping errors for some of the historic areas.Some historic areas with cultural importance are not necessarily captured in the National Register of Historic Places.The approach to measuring urban growth doesn't capture degradation to historic places that were historically in larger cities (e.g., courthouses and other downtown buildings). It also doesn't distinguish between historic places that have always been urban and historic places that used to be low-urban.This layer underrepresents some historic areas in Georgia and Alabama because we only used the point data from the National Register of Historic Places maintained by the National Park Service. We omit the polygon layers because they contain many GIS errors and often overestimate the extent of historic sites. Disclaimer: Comparing with Older Indicator VersionsThere are numerous problems with using Southeast Blueprint indicators for change analysis. Please consult Blueprint staff if you would like to do this (email hilary_morris@fws.gov).Literature CitedHomer, Collin G., Dewitz, Jon A., Jin, Suming, Xian, George, Costello, C., Danielson, Patrick, Gass, L., Funk, M., Wickham, J., Stehman, S., Auch, Roger F., Riitters, K. H., Conterminous United States land cover change patterns 2001-2016 from the 2016 National Land Cover Database: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 162, p. 184-199. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.02.019].Stutts M. 2014. National Register of Historic Places. National Register properties are located throughout the United States and their associated territories around the globe. [https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2210280].UNESCO (2012) Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention [1]. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Paris. Page 14. [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide12-en.pdf].

Creator:

Department of the Interior

Provider:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Open Data

Resource Class:

Imagery and Web services

Resource Type:

Satellite imagery

Temporal Coverage:

Last modified 2024-01-23

Date Issued:

2022-09-06

Place:

United States

Rights:

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. While the Service makes every reasonable effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data provided for distribution, it may not have the necessary accuracy or completeness required for every possible intended use. The Service recommends that data users consult the associated metadata record to understand the quality and possible limitations of the data. The Service creates metadata records in accordance with the standards endorsed by the Federal Geographic Data Committee. As a result of the above considerations, the Service gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the data. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data in a manner consistent with the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the Service, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the utility of the data on another system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This applies to the use of the data both alone and in aggregate with other data and information.

Access Rights:

Public

Format:

Imagery

Language:

English

Date Added:

2023-08-11